Jhorse is a solar power system supplier and manufacturer that provides various kinds of solar power products.
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Jhorse is a solar power system supplier and manufacturer that provides various kinds of solar power products.
A residential solar power system (commonly known as "rooftop PV") converts sunlight into readily usable alternating current (AC). The following "energy journey diagram" illustrates how it operates 24 hours a day and the function of each component.
I. Energy Journey Diagram (From Sun to Appliances)
Sun → Photovoltaic Modules (DC) → Inverter (AC) → Distribution Box →
① Local Consumption: Appliances
② Surplus Electricity Uploaded: Grid (Reverse Metering)
③ Nighttime or Power Outage: Battery (if applicable) → Inverter → Appliances
II. 24-Hour Time-of-Use Operation
| Time Period | System Action |
| 06:30 Sunrise | Module voltage ≥120V, inverter self-check → grid connection, household loads prioritize photovoltaic power. |
| 10:00 AM | Generation > Consumption, excess power automatically flows to the grid, meter reverses to "earn" more electricity. |
| 12:00 PM | Peak power reaches 80% of installed capacity, inverter real-time MPPT adjusts voltage to ensure maximum power. |
| 17:00 PM Evening | Generation decreases, load increases, grid automatically "makes up the difference," households experience seamless switching. |
| 20:00 PM Night | No sunlight, grid-connected system draws power from the grid; off-grid/hybrid system switches to battery power. |
| 00:00 AM Late Night | If time-of-use pricing is available, "low grid price period" can be set to replenish battery power for daytime use. |
III. Key Components and Functions
① Photovoltaic Panel
• Converts photons to DC power; 450W per panel, 20 panels form a 9kW system.
② Inverter
• Converts DC to AC power, also acts as a "traffic light": determining whether electricity goes to appliances, batteries, or the grid first.
• Built-in anti-islanding and leakage current detection; ensures safety by disconnecting the grid within 0.1 seconds.
③ Distribution Box & Bidirectional Meter
• Bidirectional metering: records both "buying from the grid" and "selling to the grid" kilowatt-hours for billing purposes.
④ Lithium-ion Battery Storage (Optional)
• 5–20 kWh capacity; automatic switching within 0.02 seconds during power outages, without power loss to the computer.
⑤ Mounting Shelf & Optimizer
• South-facing tilt angle of 20–30° is optimal; the optimizer addresses partial roof shading, reducing power generation loss by 15%.
IV. Comparison of 3 Home Topologies
| Type | Battery Required | Can Operate During Power Outages | Investment Cost | Suitable for |
| Grid-connected System | NO | NO | Minimum | For those who want to save electricity/sell electricity, in areas with stable power grids |
| Off-grid System | YES | YES | Medium | For areas without electricity/mountainous areas with frequent power outages |
| Hybrid System | YES | YES | Maximum | For urban villas that want high self-sufficiency + emergency backup |
A home solar power system works by converting sunlight into direct current on the roof, then converting it into alternating current via an inverter. This is prioritized for home appliances, and once the appliances are fed, the solar power is sent to the grid. At night or during power outages, the solar panels take over. The system is fully automatic, noiseless, and has zero emissions.
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