Jhorse is a solar power system supplier and manufacturer that provides various kinds of solar power products.
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Jhorse is a solar power system supplier and manufacturer that provides various kinds of solar power products.
A photovoltaic (PV) system is a system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy. Its core component is a solar cell panel. When sunlight shines on the solar cell (usually made of silicon), photons excite electrons in the semiconductor to produce the "photovoltaic effect," generating direct current (DC). This DC power is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter, which can then be connected to the grid or used to power loads.
I. Common Types of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
| Classification Dimensions | Types | Features |
| Grid connection required | On-grid | Connected to the public power grid, excess electricity can be "sold" back to the grid (net metering/full grid connection), requiring no batteries and requiring minimal investment. |
| Off-grid | It can operate completely independently and must be equipped with a battery and a charge/discharge controller for use in areas without electricity or as an emergency backup power source. | |
| Hybrid | It can be connected to the grid or disconnected from the grid, and has its own energy storage, so it can continue to supply power when the grid is interrupted, combining economy and reliability. | |
Installation method | Centralized ground-mounted power stations | Large-scale desert and mountain power plants with a capacity of megawatts or more can achieve low power generation costs through voltage boosting and grid connection. |
| Distributed rooftop/carport/agricultural greenhouses | 10 kW – several megawatts, local consumption, reduced transmission and distribution losses, and substantial policy subsidies. | |
| PV+ (BIPV, agricultural photovoltaics, fishery pv, floating solar power) | By combining with construction, agriculture, fisheries, and water surfaces, it saves land and brings additional benefits. | |
| Component technology | Crystalline silicon (monocrystalline PERC, TOPCon, HJT) | Conversion efficiency 20%–25%, market share >90%. |
| Thin films (CdTe, CIGS, perovskite) | It has good low-light performance, is flexible and bendable, and has an efficiency of 13%–22%, but the cost is still relatively high. | |
| Tandem/Perovskite-Silicon | Laboratory >30%, next-generation high-potential technology. |
II. Core Advantages of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
Renewable and Zero-Emission
Over its entire lifecycle (25–30 years), carbon emissions are only 10–25 g CO₂/kWh, 1/30th that of coal-fired power.
Modular and Flexible Scale
From a 3 kW rooftop installation for a single household to a 1 GW desert power plant, capacity can be freely combined, making expansion simple.
Low Maintenance and Long Lifespan
No moving parts; cleaning and inspection are all that's needed. Modules have a 25-year warranty, and inverters can be replaced every 10–12 years.
Continuously Decreasing LCOE
The global average LCOE in 2023 was approximately US$0.03–0.06/kWh, already lower than the benchmark price for coal (“grid parity”).
Abundant Policy and Financial Instruments
Various countries offer FIT, net metering, green certificates, carbon trading, and low-interest loans, shortening the investment payback period to 4–7 years. Peak shaving and valley filling with microgrid support:
Paired with energy storage, it can participate in peak shaving and demand response, improving grid resilience; off-grid systems solve power shortages in remote areas.
Multi-scenario value-added:
Rooftop photovoltaics reduce indoor temperature by 2–3 ℃; agricultural-solar hybrid systems increase land productivity by 20%–40%; floating water systems reduce evaporation and suppress algae growth.
Photovoltaic power generation systems directly convert sunlight into electricity. They can be grid-connected or stand-alone and have significant advantages such as being green, modular, long-lasting, and low-cost. They are currently the fastest-growing and most economically competitive new energy power generation method.
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